理化鉴别
取粉末1g,加乙醚5ml,振摇浸出15分钟,滤过。取滤液2ml,放于蒸发皿内,待乙醚挥散后,加含5%对二甲氨基苯甲醛的10%硫酸溶液1ml,显玫瑰红色,再于100℃烘5分钟,出现绿色。
苍术茅苍术根茎含:
挥发油3.25%-6.92%,内含2-蒈烯(2-carene),
1,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-2,5,5-trimethyl-2H-2,4α桥亚乙基萘(1,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-2,5,5-trimethyl-2H-2,4α-ethanonaphthalene),β-橄槛烯(β-maalinene),花柏烯(chamigrene),丁香烯(caryophyllene),榄香烯(elemene),葎草烯(humulene),芹子烯(selinene),广藿香烯(patchoulene),1,9-马兜铃二烯(1,9-aristolodiene),愈创薁醇(guaiol),榄香醇(elemol),苍术酮(atractylone),芹子二烯酮[seli-na-4(14),7(11)-diene-8-one],苍术呋喃烃(atractylodin),茅术醇(hinesol),β-桉叶醇桉叶醇(β-eudesmol)[1,2]等。根茎还含糠醛(furlade-hyde),乙酰氧基苍术酮(3β-acetoxyatractylone),3β-羟基苍术酮(3β-hydroxyatracetylone),白术内酯(butenoliede)B等。又含色氨酸(tryptophane),3,5-二甲氧基-4-葡萄糖氧基苯基烯丙醇(3,5-dimethoxy-4-glucosyloxyphenylallylalcohol)以及2-(1,4α-二甲基-3-葡萄糖氧基-2-酮基-2,3,4,4α5,6,7,8-八氢萘-7-基)
异丙醇葡萄糖甙[2-(1,4α-dimethyl-3-glucosyloy-2-oxo-2,3,4,4α5,6,7,8-octahydronaphthalen-7-yl)-isopropanolglucoside],
2-[8-甲基-2,8,9-三羟基-2-羟甲基双环[5。3。0]癸-7-基]异丙醇葡萄糖甙{2-[8-methyl-2,8,9-trihydroxy-2-hydroxymethylbicyclo[5.3.0]decan-7-yl]isopropanogllucoside},
2-[8-甲基-2,8-二羟基-9-酮基-2-羟甲基双环[5,3,0]癸-7-基]异丙醇葡萄糖甙{2-[8-methyl-2,8-dihydroxy-9-oxo-2-hydroxymethylbicyclo[5,3,0]decan-7-yl]isopropanolglucoside},
2-(1,4α-dimethyl-2,3-二羟基十氢萘-7-基)异彩丙醇葡萄糖甙[2-(1,4α-dimethyl-2,3-dihydroxydec-ahydroxynaphthalen-7-yl)isopropanol glucoside]等8个倍半萜糖甙等水溶性成分。
还含钴、铬、铜、锰、钼、镍、锡锶钒锌、铁磷、铝锆、钛、镁、钙等无机元素。
北苍术根茎含:挥发油1.5%,主含β-桉叶醇和苍术呋喃烃,还含β-芹子烯,左旋的α甜没药萜醇(α-bisabolol),茅术醇[8],榄香醇,苍术酮,芹子二烯酮等。又含聚乙炔化合物:苍术呋喃烃醇(atractyoldinol),乙酰基苍术呋喃烃醇(acetyl α-tractylodinol)。